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The objective of this study was to determine the effects of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccinations on disease severity in an experimental PCV2-M. hyopneumoniae dual challenge model. Vaccine effectiveness was evaluated using microbiological (PCV2 viremia and M. hyopneumoniae nasal shedding), immunological (neutralizing antibodies and interferon-γ-secreting cells),...
Poly[di(sodiumcarboxylatoethylphenoxy)phosphazene] (PCEP) has shown great potential as a vaccine adjuvant, but the mechanisms that mediate its adjuvant activity have not been investigated. Previously, we had reported the potential of PCEP to induce cytokines and chemokines at the site of injection. Hence, we hypothesized that PCEP creates strong immuno-competent environment leading to recruitment...
The O specific polysaccharide (OSP) of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A is a protective antigen and the target for vaccine development. LPS is the major constituent of the outer membrane of S. Paratyphi A with the OSP exposed on the surface, in addition to the cell associated LPS a large amount of free LPS was present in the fermentation broth. A purification...
This report summarizes the first meeting of a panel of immunization experts who met in Washington, DC, on May 4-5, 2012. The panel consisted of experts from national immunization policy organizations; state, regional, and local immunization programs; and vaccinating health care practices. The primary objective of this meeting was to identify issues in the vaccine delivery process as a critical first...
We conducted a randomized, controlled, multicenter, phase II study to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of an investigational intradermal (ID) trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) and a high-dose (HD) intramuscular (IM) TIV in older adults (≥65 years of age). Older adult subjects were immunized with ID vaccine containing either 15μg hemagglutinin (HA)/strain (n=636) or 21μg HA/strain (n=634), with...
We explored the possibilities for purification of various ΔNS1 live, replication deficient influenza viruses on ion exchange methacrylate monoliths. Influenza A ΔNS1-H1N1, ΔNS1-H3N2, ΔNS1-H5N1 and ΔNS1-influenza B viruses were propagated in Vero cells and concentrated by tangential flow filtration. All four virus strains adsorbed well to CIM QA and CIM DEAE anion exchangers, with CIM QA producing...
Glycoprotein D (gD) is essential for attachment and penetration of Bovine herpesvirus 5 (BoHV-5) into permissive cells, and is a major target of the host immune system, inducing strong humoral and cellular immune responses. The aim of this study was to evaluate in mice the immunogenicity of recombinant BoHV-5 gD (rgD5) expressed in Pichia pastoris. Vaccines formulated with rgD5 alone or adjuvanted...
Infections due to Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes differ in clinical manifestations among adults, varying in propensity for severity, invasiveness, and lethality. To characterize differences in serious outcomes between pneumococcal serotypes, we systematically reviewed the literature.After distilling 676 hits to 28 relevant articles, statistically significant differences in individual serotypes...
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) causes significant infant morbidity and mortality. Promising GBS vaccines are currently in clinical trials. Because GBS vaccines would be the first to specifically target pregnant women, we sought to assess acceptability of a hypothetical GBS vaccine.We performed an internet survey among currently pregnant or recently delivered women receiving care at one of 9Ob/Gyn practices...
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) are the two major causative agents of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), which is an infectious disease frequently occurring in children. A bivalent vaccine against both EV71 and CA16 is highly desirable. In the present study, we compare monovalent inactivated EV71, monovalent inactivated CA16, and a combination vaccine candidate comprising of...
This prospective study aimed to investigate the immune responses and safety of an influenza vaccine in vaccine-naïve infants aged 6–12 months, and was conducted from November 2010 to May 2011. Fifty-nine infants aged 6–12 months received two doses of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine 4 weeks apart. Hemagglutination inhibition titers were measured 4 weeks after the two doses of study vaccine...
Completion of adolescent immunisation schedules in Australia is sub-optimal despite a well-established school based delivery program. The aim of this study was to seek adolescent and adult views on how existing adolescent school based immunisation policy and program delivery could be improved to increase adolescent immunisation uptake.Two citizens’ juries held separately, one with adolescent participants...
Geographic variation in provider-verified human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine uptake among adolescent girls in the US has not been examined. To investigate this, we analyzed 2011 National Immunization Survey-Teen data. Among 13–17 year old girls (n=11,236), weighted vaccine initiation (48.4%) and completion rates (30.6%) were the lowest in the South when compared to the Northeast (53.4% and 39.9%),...
To study the potential of liposome vaccines in the clinical prevention of ALV-J, the effect of recombinant gp85 protein of subgroup J avian leukosis virus (ALV-J) entrapped by liposomes in chickens against ALV-J infection was investigated in this paper. A recombinant plasmid (PET28a-gp85) containing the PET28a vector and gp85 gene was constructed and then expressed in Rosetta (DE3) cells with 0.5mM...
HIV-1 vaccines based on recombinant vectors have been developed to elicit immune responses; however, the failure of the STEP HIV-1 vaccine trial has caused concern regarding the impact on vaccine efficacy of pre-existing vector seropositivity in humans. By using a mouse model of infection, we evaluated the immune responses elicited by intranasal and vaginal immunization with the recombinant influenza...
We predict the impact of paid leave in increasing influenza vaccinations for employees, thus decreasing workdays lost and healthcare visits resulting from infection.Nationally representative data from the 2006–2010 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey were used. We examined working adults aged 18 and above (N=51,471). Logistic regression measured the association of paid leave with flu vaccination. We...
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) reduce disease due to Streptococcus pneumoniae. We aimed to determine the efficacy of different PCV schedules in Gambian children.We reanalysed data from a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Infants aged 6–51 weeks were allocated to three doses of nine-valent PCV (n=8718) or placebo (n=8719) and followed until age 30 months. We categorised participants to compare:...
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